Zhengzhou

Zhengzhou
郑州
—  Prefecture-level city  —
郑州市
Motto: Parternship, Openness, Innovation, and Harmony (博大、开放、创新、和谐)
Clockwise from top: Skyline of Zhengdong New Area, Erqi Memorial Tower, Shaolin Temple, and Zhengzhou Station
Location in Henan
Zhengzhou is located in China
Zhengzhou
Clockwise from top: Skyline of Zhengdong New Area, Erqi Memorial Tower, Shaolin Temple, and Zhengzhou Station
Coordinates:
Country  China
Province Henan
City seat Zhongyuan
Subdivisions
Government
 - Mayor Zhao Jiancai
Area
 - Prefecture-level city 7,446.2 km2 (2,875 sq mi)
 - Urban 1,010.3 km2 (390.1 sq mi)
Population (2007)
 - Prefecture-level city 7,356,000
 - Density 987.9/km2 (2,558.6/sq mi)
 - Urban 4,508,000
 - Urban density 4,462/km2 (11,556.6/sq mi)
Time zone UTC (UTC+8)
Postal code 450000
Area code(s) 371
License plate prefixes 豫A
Website http://www.zhengzhou.gov.cn/
Zhengzhou
Simplified Chinese 郑州
Traditional Chinese 鄭州
Literal meaning Henan state or Capital of Zheng
Zheng County
Simplified Chinese 郑县
Traditional Chinese 鄭縣

Zhengzhou (simplified Chinese: 郑州; pinyin: Zhèngzhōu; Mandarin pronunciation: [t͡ʂɤŋ˥˩t͡ʂou̯˥˥]; Postal map spelling: Chengchow), formerly called Zheng County (simplified Chinese: 郑县), is a prefecture-level city, and the capital of Henan province, People's Republic of China. It also serves as the political, economic, technological, and educational centre of the province, as well as being a major transportation hub for Central China. It lies on the southern plain of the Yellow River.

Contents

History

The Shang Dynasty established Aodu (隞都) or Bodu (亳都) in Zhengzhou (see also: History of China). The pre-historical city had been long lost even before the time of the First Emperor of China. Since 1950 archaeological finds have shown that there were Neolithic settlements in the area and that the Shang Bronze Age culture, which flourished there from about 1500 BC, was centered on a walled city. Outside this city, in addition to remains of large public buildings, a complex of small settlements has been discovered. The site is generally identified with the Shang capital of Ao. It is preserved in the Shang Dynasty Ruins monument in Guanchen District. The Shang, who continually moved their capital, left Ao, perhaps in the 13th century BC. The site, nevertheless, remained occupied; Zhou (post-1050 BC) tombs have also been discovered. Traditionally it is held that in the Western Zhou period (1111–771 BC) it became the fief of a family named Guan. From this derives the name borne by the county (xian) since the late 6th century BC — Guancheng (City of the Guan). The city first became the seat of a prefectural administration in AD 587, when it was named Guanzhou. In 605 it was first called Zhengzhou — a name by which it has been known virtually ever since.

The name of Zhengzhou came from the Sui Dynasty (AD 581), even though it was located in Chenggao, another town. The government moved to the contemporary city during the Tang Dynasty. It achieved its greatest importance under the Sui (AD 581–618), Tang (618–907), and early Song (960–1127) dynasties, when it was the terminus of the New Bian Canal, which joined the Yellow River to the northwest. There, at a place called Heyin, a vast granary complex was established to supply the capitals at Luoyang and Chang'an to the west and the frontier armies to the north. In the Song period, however, the transfer of the capital eastward to Kaifeng robbed Zhengzhou of much of its importance. It was a capital during the five dynasties of Xia, Shang, Guan, Zheng, and Han, and a prefecture during the eight dynasties of Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, and Qing.

In 1903 the Beijing–Hankou railway arrived at Zhengzhou, and in 1909 the first stage of the Longhai Railway gave it an east–west link to Kaifeng and Luoyang; it later was extended eastward to the coast at Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, and westward to Xi'an (Chang'an), Shaanxi Province, as well as to western Shaanxi. Zhengzhou thus became a major rail junction and a regional center for cotton, grain, peanuts, and other agricultural produce. Early in 1923 a workers' strike began in Zhengzhou and spread along the rail line before it was suppressed; a 14-story double tower in the center of the city commemorates the strike. In 1938, during the war with Japan, the retreating Chinese Nationalist Army blew up the dikes retaining the Yellow River about 32 km northeast of the town, flooding a vast area. At about the same time, in their drive to relocate industry in the interior far from the invading Japanese, the Chinese transferred all the local plants to the west.

When the Communist government came to power in 1949, Zhengzhou was a commercial and administrative center, but it had virtually no industry. Because it was the center of a densely populated cotton-growing district, it was developed into an industrial city, with industry concentrated on the west side so that the prevailing northeast winds would blow fumes away from the city. There are cotton-textile plants, spinning mills, textile-machinery works, flour mills, tobacco and cigarette factories, and various food-processing plants; coal is mined nearby.

Zhengzhou also has a locomotive and rolling-stock repair plant, a tractor-assembly plant, and a thermal generating station. The city's industrial growth has resulted in a large increase in the population, coming predominantly from industrial workers from the north. Trees have been planted throughout the city's more than 23 km² area, holding down the sand that formerly blew in thick gusts through the city. A water diversion project and pumping station, built in 1972, has provided irrigation for the surrounding countryside. The city has an agricultural university.

Administration

Subdivisions of Zhengzhou

The prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou administers 12 county-level divisions, including 6 districts, 5 county-level cities and 1 county.

Geography

Zhengzhou
Climate chart ()
J F M A M J J A S O N D
 
 
8.8
 
6
−4
 
 
12
 
9
−2
 
 
29
 
14
3
 
 
40
 
22
10
 
 
58
 
27
15
 
 
63
 
32
20
 
 
156
 
32
23
 
 
113
 
31
22
 
 
77
 
27
16
 
 
45
 
22
10
 
 
22
 
14
3
 
 
9.8
 
8
−2
average max. and min. temperatures in °C
precipitation totals in mm
source: CMA

Located just north of the province's center and south of the Yellow River, Zhengzhou borders Luoyang to the west, Jiaozuo to the northwest, Xinxiang to the northeast, Kaifeng to the east, Xuchang to the southeast, and Pingdingshan to the southwest. It is geographically the center city of China.

Zhengzhou is situated to the south of the Yellow River where its valley broadens into the great plain and at the eastern extremity of the Xionger Mountains. Zhengzhou is at the crossing point of the north–south route skirting the Taihang Mountains and the mountains of western Henan and the east–west route along the southern bank of the Yellow River.

Close to the Yellow River to the north, bordering the Songshan Mountain to the west, and adjacent to the Huanghuai Plains to the southeast, Zhengzhou is in the region of 34°16'~34°58N and 112°42'~114°14'E, covering a total area of 7446.2 square kilometers , including city area of 1013.3 square kilometers and built area in central city area of 147.7 square kilometers.

The land descends from west to east. Its west is characterized by mountains & hills whereas the east is mostly of plains. There are 35 big and small rivers and streams, which belong to the two big water systems of the Yellow River and Huaihe River, respectively. The section of the Yellow River flowing through Zhengzhou extends 150.4 kilometers.

Climate

Zhengzhou experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa). Zhengzhou has four clearly-defined seasons, with somewhat cold and dry winters, hot and humid summers, warm and early springs, and mild autumns. The area's climate is also monsoon-influenced, meaning that precipitation is heavily concentrated in the months of May to September. During the summer season, the city is also often affected by tropical depressions, which bring additional amounts of rain. The city also has wetter and drier seasons, with the "wet season" falling between April and October and the drier season covering the remaining months. Zhengzhou has an annual average temperature of at 14.4 °C, but its highest average monthly temperature is 27.0 °C in July and its coldest monthly average temperature is 0.1 °C in January. The annual precipitation is about 630 mm, with on average 220 frost-free days and about 2200 hours of sunshine per year.

Climate data for Zhengzhou (1971-2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 5.7
(42.3)		 8.6
(47.5)		 14.0
(57.2)		 21.7
(71.1)		 27.2
(81)		 31.6
(88.9)		 31.8
(89.2)		 30.5
(86.9)		 26.7
(80.1)		 21.5
(70.7)		 14.1
(57.4)		 8.0
(46.4)		 20.1
(68.2)
Average low °C (°F) −4.3
(24.3)		 −1.9
(28.6)		 2.9
(37.2)		 9.5
(49.1)		 14.7
(58.5)		 19.8
(67.6)		 22.8
(73)		 21.7
(71.1)		 16.2
(61.2)		 9.9
(49.8)		 3.1
(37.6)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 9.3
(48.7)
Precipitation mm (inches) 8.8
(0.346)		 12.0
(0.472)		 28.5
(1.122)		 39.6
(1.559)		 58.0
(2.283)		 62.8
(2.472)		 155.5
(6.122)		 112.5
(4.429)		 77.4
(3.047)		 45.1
(1.776)		 22.3
(0.878)		 9.8
(0.386)		 632.4
(24.898)
% Humidity 60 60 62 61 62 62 78 81 75 70 66 61 66.5
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3.3 4.3 6.2 6.6 6.8 7.7 11.6 9.9 8.2 6.8 5.0 3.5 79.9
Sunshine hours 144.3 139.0 164.8 202.8 234.0 229.5 199.9 199.6 179.2 182.4 158.3 148.1 2,181.9
Source: 中国气象局 国家气象信息中心

Culture and tourism

As an ancient Chinese capital and a traditional trading center, Zhengzhou maintains abundant cultural heritage that reflects its glorious history as well as the culture of Henan Province. Zhengzhou Confucius Temple, initially built in the Eastern Han Dynasty 1900 years ago, is one of the oldest Confucius Temples in China. Other important architectural heritage in the city includes the Remains of the Shang Dynasty, Town God Temple, and Erqi Memorial Tower. There are the remains of the Shang Dynasty capital city (3,600 years ago) in Zhengzhou's east side located around Shangcheng lu (商城路).

While it is not a tourist city, it is an example of a remarkably fast-changing city in China (without minor tourism clutter). The best known tourist attraction is the Shaolin Temple (少林寺), which is more than 50 miles southwest of downtown Zhengzhou. The Shaolin Temple is not only known as one of China's important Buddhist shrines, but also as the ancient center of Chinese kung-fu. When the temple was built in 495, the temple was originally designed to house Batuo, a celebrated Indian monk, who, after many years of spreading Buddhism, was later known as Fo Tuo, or Grand Monk. In 537, another famous Indian monk, named Boddhidharma, settled in the temple. According to legend, he created a primitive bare-hand combat routine called “xingyi boxing” after he had sat meditating in a cave for nine years. That started the kung-fu tradition at the temple.

Henan Museum

Zhengzhou's most notable cultural institution is the Henan Museum (河南省博物院), one of China's most important museums. The provincial museum in particular requires at least a half day visit to do justice to the many impressive exhibits, which range from prehistoric times, including dinosaur bones, up through the Qing Dynasty. The admission price was 20 yuan, but has now been made free of charge.

Zhengzhou Zoo (动物园, Dong Wu Yuan) is located on Hua Yuan Lu (花园路). The newly built Zhengzhou Botanic Garden is at the western edge of Zhengzhou city.

There are large water, light and music shows on display in Zheng Dong Xin Qu (New Eastern District) during the weekend at 8.30 pm in the summer and 8:00 pm during the winter months. The show is about 25 minutes long and is free of charge. People would have to arrive before 8.00 for a seat. The show times can change from 8:00 and 8:30 without warning.

Other famous attractions of Zhengzhou include the Song Mountain(Song Shan, now is a World Geopark recognised by UNESCO), Yellow River and the birth place of Huangdi(黄帝)(recognized as the ancestor of Chinese people).

Gallery

Erqi Memorial Tower

Zhengzhou Confucius Temple

Zhengzhou Town God Temple

Shang Dynasty Remains

Shaolin Temple

Zhengzhou Botanic Garden

Zhengzhou Botanic Garden

Zhengzhou Museum

Economy

Zhengzhou, along with Xi'an, Chengdu, Chongqing and Wuhan, is one of the most important cities in inland China. It's the second largest city in central China (including provinces of Henan, Shanxi, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi). It is the economic center of Henan Province and the surrounding areas such as southeastern Shanxi Province and southwestern Shandong Province. Due to its strategic location in one of the most populous areas in the world (nearly 100 million people in Henan Province alone) and in China's railway, road and aviation transport networks, Zhengzhou is increasingly attracting domestic and international investment as well as migrants from other areas, transforming the city into one of the largest economic centers in China. GDP per capita of Zhengzhou was RMB40,398 in 2008.

Agriculture

By the end of 2006, Zhengzhou had a total population of over 7 million, of which 2.88 million lived in rural areas.[1] Its main products include apples, paulownia, tobacco, maize, cotton, and wheat. In addition, Zhengzhou also produces Yellow River carp, Zhengzhou watermelons, Xinzheng jujube, [Xingyang] dried persimmons, Guangwu Pomegranate and Zhongmu garlic, all of which are specialties that are rarely found outside the region.

Mining

Zhengzhou and the surrounding area have large reserves of coal and other minerals. Coal mining and electricity generation are traditionally important in the local economy.

Manufacturing

Zhengzhou has been one of the major industrial cities in The People's Republic of China since 1949. The city's staple industry is textiles. Others manufactured items include tractors, locomotives, cigarettes, fertilizer, processed meats, agricultural machinery, and electrical equipment. Some high-tech companies in new material, electronics and biotechnology are also growing rapidly during the recently years, especially in the high-tech industrial park in the northwest of the city.

Service

The service industry of Zhengzhou include retail, wholesale, hospitality, finance, exhibition, transport and delivery, tourism, education, etc. Zhengzhou is famous for its shopping. Because of its transport advantage, consumers can shop for many products at competitive prices in Zhengzhou. With a number of domestic and international institutions having regional offices in the city, Zhengzhou is becoming the financial center in central China. Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange (ZCE) is one of the only three future exchanges (inc. Shanghai Future Exchange and Dalian Commodity Exchange) in China and is becoming an important global player specialised in agricultural future exchange. Equipped with newly built facilities such as Zhengzhou International Conference and Exhibition Center, it is also one of the most important exhibition city in the country, hosting various influential exhibition and conference events all year round. Third party logistics (3PL) in Zhengzhou has also been experiencing industrial boom during the past few years. As a transit and tourist center of Henan Province and central China, Zhengzhou is the center of Henan cuisine and also has many restaurants of all different cuisines from other parts of the country and the world.

Famous Companies

Economic Development Zones

Zhengdong CBD

The Zhengdong New Area (simplified Chinese: 郑东新区) also known as Zhengzhou Eastern New District, similar to Binhai New Area in Tianjin and Hengqin New Area in Zhuhai, is just one of dozens of major economic zones that are currently developing in various regions of China.[3]

In a great measure taken by Henan Province and Zhengzhou City to establish and develop Zhengdong New District, Mr. Kisho Kurokawa, a Japanese world-renowned planner and architect, was appointed to design the overall planning scheme for Zhengdong New District. He brought in advanced ideas including ecological city, co-existing city, metabolic city and ring city ideas. The scheme won the "Prominent Award for City Planning Design" at the first session of Annual Meeting of the World Architects Alliance in 2002.

Zhengdong New District, located at the eastern Putian district clusters in the overall planned Zhengzhou City and approved by the State Council, stretches from the State Highway 107 in the west to the Jing-Zhu Expressway in the east, from Zhengzhou Airport Expressway in the south to the Lian-Huo Expressway in the north. Zhengdong New District is the key project of Henan Province. Its total planned area is 105 square kilometers and short-term planned construction area is 45 square kilometers.

The plan of Zhengdong New District adopts the concept of district cluster development to divide the urban structure into Central Business District (CBD), Longhu Lake District, Commercial Residential & Logistic District and Economic & Technological Development Area, etc. Each district cluster, linked by mutual connections of ring highways, has commercial, service and administrative centers alongside. The CBD mainly focuses on the functions of finance, office, business and residence, with the planned area of about 6 square kilometers of artificial lake (Longhu Lake) in the northwest surrounded by a low-rise residential district; the secondary CBD center, situated on the byland extending to Longhu Lake, is designed for tourism and residence; with high-rise residential district on its both sides, an urban commercial and cultural center axis line connects the CBD and secondary CBD center; logistics areas are mainly concentrated in the V-shaped industrial belt; in addition, the massive planned ecological green land circles the river, lake, expressway, ring-way and main road. The conceptual idea of Zhengdong New District pictures a historical cultural and ecological development axis line with a southwest-northeast trend, encompassing Erqi Square, historical sites in the Shang Dynasty, provincial and municipal administrative working areas, the CBD, the secondary CBD center, Longhu Lake and the principal rivers of the Jinshui River and the Xiong'er River. Zhengdong New District exerts its function as an urban hub, and thus works out a scheme of sustainable urban development with Chinese characteristics for Zhengzhou's far-reaching construction.

At present, the plan for the starting area has been put into construction: infrastructure such as roads in the district are basically completed, requisition and transfer of land for construction is on the way, many items in the CBD such as International Conference & Exhibition Center and Broadcasting & TV Center have started construction, and preparation of Henan Art Center, Higher Learning Institute Parks and Scientific and Technological City are on the way. The Administrative Committee of Zhengdong New District is making full efforts to promote the construction of the projects in the starting area to realize the short-term objective of "establishing the image in three years and forming the scale in five years".

Currently, a six-star hotel in the CBD is being built. When finished, the hotel building, with a height of 280 meters, will become the tallest building in Zhengzhou.

ZhengDong CBD also holds China's largest wetland filtration system for water.

Industrial Zones

Zhengzhou High & New Technology Industries Development Zone was estabilished in 1988, and approved by the state Council of PRC to be a state development zone on Mar.6,1991. It was appraised to be advanced high tech zone of China respectively in 1993, 1998 and 2002. The Zone currently covers a total area of 18.6 square kilometers. An extension plan was approved by Zhengzhou Municipal Government, the various construction work started in 2004. Under the development strategy of “multiple parks in one zone”, the Zone has been making great efforts to promote the development of software,information technologies, new materials, bio-pharmaceutical and photo-machinery-electronic industries.[4]

Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone was approved as state-level development zone on February 13, 2000. The zone has a developed area of 7 square kilometers. Industries encouraged include Electronics Assembly & Manufacturing, Telecommunications Equipment, Trading and Distribution, Biotechnology/Pharmaceuticals, Instruments & Industrial Equipment Production, Medical Equipment and Supplies, Shipping/Warehousing/Logistics and Heavy Industry.[5]

Zhengzhou (Henan) Export Processing Zone was established on June 21, 2002 with approval by the state council. Its planned area is 2.7 square kilometers. Zone A is located in Zhengzhou National Economic & technological Development Area and began to operate on June 1, 2004. The area of land developed is 0.893 square kilometers at present. Zone B is located in Zhengzhou Airport Area and is adjacent to Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport on the north and it covers a planned area of 5 square kilometers with bonded logistics zone, bonded processing zone and supporting industry zone, etc.[6]

Transport

Train

Zhengzhou, where the Longhai railway (east-west) meets the Jingguang railway (north-south), is a major railway hub in China. Nearly all trains on routes to Beijing, Shanghai and Xi'an pass through Zhengzhou. It is officially recognized as one of the eight major railway centers by the Ministry of Railway of China. Zhengzhou is easy to reach from Beijing (between 5–8 hours) and Shanghai (6–14 hours) by train. Further travelling to Xi'an (8 hours, no fast train) is also possible. A tourist-friendly train leaves for Xi'An every morning.

In the new national high-speed railway network under construction, two most important lines -- Jingguang (Beijing to Guangzhou), Xulan (Xuzhou to Lanzhou, extended to Shanghai and Urumuqi) intersect in Zhengzhou, which guarantees the city a strategic transport advantage for the future. When completed, the high-speed railway network will provide fast train service from the city to Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Xi'an and Wuhan at a speed of 350 km/h. The new high-speed railway station (the New Zhengzhou Station), as one of the largest in Asia, is under construction in Zhengdong New Area.

Proposed high-speed railway connections between Zhengzhou and Chongqing, Jinan, Hefei and Taiyuan are under discussion.

Highways

The surrounding area of Zhengzhou, along with Yangtze Delta (Shanghai), Pearl River Delta (Hong Kong-Guangzhou) and Beijing Metropolitan area, has the highest highway density in China. Zhengzhou is the center of Henan highway network that provides roughly one hour road trip to the surrounding cities of Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Xuchang, Jiaozuo and Luoyang. Other major cities within the province can be reached in 3 hours. National highway network also links Zhengzhou to all major cities in China.

Taxi

The base taxi fare starts at 6 yuan. Every additional kilometer (past the initial 2 kilometers included in the base fare) costs 1.5 yuan with rates starting at 8 yuan after 10pm. There are now a few newer taxis operating that have higher starting rates of up to 10 yuan (usually based from the airport).

Bus

The city has a well-developed public transportation system and you can get most places by bus for 1yuan (or 2yuan for some of the newer air-conditioned buses). Bus passes can be purchased to eliminate the hassle of always needing to carry exact change.

The first project of Zhengzhou Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System was completed in 2009, which provides a 30 km long circle line (B1) along the Second Ring Road in the city. The BRT B1 buses run on exclusive lanes at both clockwise and anti-clockwise directions. There are branch BRT routes (B11 to B19) linking B1 route and other important part of the city.

Air

Zhengzhou International Airport

Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport is recognized as one of the eight major gateway airports by the Civil Aviation Administration of China. It is 37 km southeast of the city centre. An airport shuttle bus runs between the airport and the Civil Aviation Hotel 民航大酒店 (Mín Háng dà jiǔ diàn) on 金水路 (Jīnshuĭ Lù) in the heart of Zhengzhou. It costs 15 yuan per person to ride the shuttle in either direction. A taxi from the airport will cost about 140 yuan, while a taxi to the airport will cost about 90 yuan. There will also be an extra 10 yuan toll fee for the taxi using the airport expressway.

On February 8, 2009, the direct air route between Zhengzhou and Taipei was launched at Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport. The Zhengzhou-Taipei flight was operated by Shenzhen Airlines[7].

Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport is the headquarters for Henan Airlines and also a focus city of China Southern Airline and Shenzhen Airlines

Subway

The plan of "Zhengzhou Subway line No. 1" as well as "Zhengzhou Subway line No. 2", recently have been approved by National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) in Feb. 2009[8]. Zhengzhou Subway, will be a rapid transit rail network that serves both the urban and suburban districts of Zhengzhou municipality. As planned, those two projects will start from 2009 and will be finished in 2013 and 2015 respectively[9]. Also as referenced in the long term plan, there are another 4 lines pending approval[10], Line 3 and Line 4 will be under construction during 2015-2020 and will be in operation by 2020, project on Line 5 and Line 6 will begin since 2020[11].

Accommodation

There are several styles of accommodation in Zhengzhou, from 5 star luxury style hotels to hostels. A few of the hotels are: Holiday Inn Express, Sofitel, Golden Palace Hotel, Pearl Hotel, Yuda Palace, Crowne Plaza, and the Hotel Home. The majority of the hotels are near the central business district or the rail station.

Colleges and universities

Public

Military

Private

Notable people

Politics

List of mayors (incomplete):

  1. Song Zhihe (宋致和): October 1948-August 1955
  2. Hu Shujian (胡树俭): June 1983-February 1991
  3. Zhang Shiying (张世英): February 1991-June 1993
  4. Song Tianbao (朱天宝): June 1993-November 1996
  5. Chen Yichu (陈义初): November 1996-February 2003
  6. Wang Wenchao (王文超): February 2003-February 2006
  7. Zhao Jiancai (赵建才): February 2006- (incumbent)

List of the CPC Party Chiefs of Zhengzhou:

  1. Gu Jingsheng (谷景生): October 1948-December 1948
  2. Wu Defeng (吴德蜂): December 1948-June 1949
  3. Zhao Wucheng (赵武成): June 1949 - April 1953
  4. Song Zhihe (宋致和): April 1953-August 1956
  5. Wang Lizhi (王黎之): August 1956-January 1968
  6. Wang Hui (王辉): March 1971-January 1974
  7. Zhang Junqing (张俊卿): January 1974-December 1977
  8. Yu Yichuan (于一川): December 1977-December 1979
  9. Li Baoguang (李保光): December 1979-May 1983
  10. Jiang Jinfei (蒋靳非): May 1983-September 1984
  11. Yao Minxue (姚敏学): September 1984-August 1987
  12. Cao Lei (曹磊): August 1987-July 1990
  13. Song Guochen (宋国臣): July 1990-May 1992
  14. Zhang Deguang (张德广): May 1992-December 1995
  15. Wang Youjie (王有杰): December 1995-June 2001
  16. Li Ke (李克): June 2001-

International relations

Zhengzhou view from space

Twin towns — Sister cities

Zhengzhou is twinned with:

International

Domestic

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ (Chinese)General information of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou Government official website.
  2. ↑ Henan Shaolin Auto Co., Ltd.
  3. ↑ "Zhengzhou New Area". http://www.zhengzhou.gov.cn/index.jsp?id=ff8080811d9048fb011d9a75a2f5011e&id_id=A118001006&name=varticles. Retrieved 1 Nov 2009. 
  4. ↑ RightSite.asia | Zhengzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
  5. ↑ RightSite.asia | Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone
  6. ↑ RightSite.asia | Zhengzhou Export Processing Area
  7. ↑ "Direct air route launched between Henan and Taiwan" GOV.cn Feb. 9, 2009
  8. ↑ (Chinese)"郑州地铁获国务院批准 每公里成本近6亿今年开工" 河南日报大河网 Dahe.cn Feb. 13, 2009
  9. ↑ (Chinese)"地铁未来将出现在郑州市" 中广网 CNR.cn Feb. 13, 2009
  10. ↑ (Chinese)"国务院批准郑州地铁建设 6条地铁轨道线走向" 大河网 Dahe.cn Feb. 13, 2009
  11. ↑ (Chinese)"郑州地铁规划获国务院批准" 大河网 Dahe.cn Feb. 13, 2009

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People's Republic of China